![]() ![]() ![]() Following from this, Modern Standard Arabic is the only acceptable form of written communication within the Arab World and the official (or co-official) language of all Arabic countries. Since Arabic is a macrolanguage, it varies to a great extent from one country to another and some Arabs have a hard time understanding each other’s dialects and accents. Modern Standard Arabic is the direct descendant of Classical Arabic and shares very close ties with the language of Quran. There are three forms of Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic, Classical Arabic and Colloquial Arabic. Thus, the root / k-t-b/ combined with the pattern / -i-ā-/ gives kitāb ‘book,’ whereas the same root combined with the pattern / -ā-i-/ gives kātib ‘one who writes’ or ‘clerk.’ The language also makes use of prefixes and suffixes, which act as subject markers, pronouns, prepositions, and the definite article.Arabic is the official language of 25 countries that stretch from Morocco in the North of Africa until the United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf. An Arabic word is composed of two parts: (1) the root, which generally consists of three consonants and provides the basic lexical meaning of the word, and (2) the pattern, which consists of vowels and gives grammatical meaning to the word. Clusters containing more than two consonants do not occur in the language.Īrabic shows the fullest development of typical Semitic word structure. Words always start with a single consonant followed by a vowel, and long vowels are rarely followed by more than a single consonant. There are three short and three long vowels (/ a/, / i/, / u/ and / ā/, / ī/, / ū/). The alphabet was adapted to the sound system of Arabic, which includes a number of distinctive guttural sounds (pharyngeal and uvular fricatives) and a series of velarized consonants (pronounced with accompanying constriction of the pharynx and raising of the back of the tongue). It is written in a North Semitic script that is likely descended from the Nabataean alphabet. The most widely accepted theory, which classifies Arabic within a Central Semitic grouping, postulates a relationship close to Aramaic and the Canaanite languages based on the similarities between their respective verb structures. Likewise, the relationship of Arabic to the other Semitic languages remains a matter of debate. In modern times the chief dialect groups are those of Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and North Africa. While these varieties tend to exhibit a number of common features, including the definite article * al- and the paradigmatic mafʿūl passive participle, these features are problematic in defining Arabic either because they are not found uniformly throughout all varieties of the language or because they can be found in other languages. Such variation may in fact precede the written language by centuries. On the other hand, spoken varieties of Arabic-some of which are mutually unintelligible-differ significantly. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions. ![]()
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